太阳系天体的火山作用及其比较行星学意义

Volcanism on Celestial Bodies of Solar System:Implications for Comparative Planetology

火山活动是太阳系内所有行星和多数卫星共同经历过的地质作用。类地行星及它们的卫星表面普遍分布着多种火山和火山岩。其中金星、火星和月球与地球上的早期(始太古代)火山活动有许多相似性。现在,火星与月球上的火山活动早已停止,而金星和地球上仍有火山活动。类木行星的卫星上主要活动的是"冰火山",它们之中有些还有十分强烈的活火山活动(如爱莪和海卫一)。对太阳系天体火山作用的对比研究能够提供认识太阳系和行星演化、天体深部和浅部地质作用过程、矿产资源形成以及生命的起源和演化等重要信息,是比较行星学的重要组成部分。

All planets and most of their moons have experienced volcanism. There are various volcanoes and volcanic rocks on the surfaces of terrestrial planets. Volcanoes on Venus, Mars and Lunar are analogues for the early stage （Early Achaean） volcanoes on Earth. However, volcanisms on Mars and Lunar ceased long time ago, while volcanoes still remain active on Venus and Earth. Some moons of Jovian planets have cryovolcanoes, and some still active and very extensive, such as Io and Triton. Hence, the study on planetary volcanism is a key part of comparative planetology. Study the volcanism of celestial bodies of Solar system could provide significant knowledge for the understanding of the formation and evolution of the planets, deep and surface processes, metallogenesis, and initiation of life.