郴州市1992-2006年自然疫源性传染病分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Features of Natural Focal Infectious Endemic Diseases in Chenzhou City From 1992 to 2006

目的了解郴州市近15年来自然疫源性传染病的流行特征,为有效制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,运用Excel进行数据整理,分析甲乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病的三间分布特点及其变化规律。结果该市15年来共报告甲乙类自然疫源及虫媒传染病7种共4747例,年平均发病率为7.06/10万,死亡530例,年平均死亡率为0.79/10万,年平均病死率为11.16%。该类传染病发病率总体呈下降趋势,除狂犬病稍有上升外,其他均有不同程度的下降。结论该类传染病在法定传染病中发病率较低,但病死率较高,防治工作不容忽视。狂犬病占此类传染病死亡构成的71.32%,狂犬病的控制尤其重要。该类传染病有明显的季节特点和人群特征,应做好重点地区高危人群的防治干预。该类传染病经过多年的防治,基本得到控制,但应高度警惕新发传染病的发生。

Objective To find out the epidemiological characteristics of natural focal infectious endemic diseases in Chenzhou City during the period of 1992 - 2006, and to provide scientific basis for making prevention and control policy. Methods. The data of natural focal infectious endemic diseases in Chenzhou City during the recent 15 years were collected, and then analyzed by descriptive epidemiologic method. Results A total of 4,747 cases with 7 kinds of Class - A and Class- B natural focal infectious endemic diseases were reported during the recent 15 years, and with 530 deaths. The average annual incidence, mortality and fatality rate were 7.06/100,000, 0.79/100,000 and 11.16% respectively. The incidence of natural focal infectious endemic diseases was on the downward trend except rabies. Conclusions The incidence of natural focal infectious endemic diseases is lower, while the fatality rate of it is very high. Rabies accounts for 71.32% of the deaths, therefore it is necessary to put more emphasis on the control of it. Enforcing the monitoring and prevention of natural focal infectious endemic diseases and strengthening surveillance to new infectious diseases among the high - risk population are also very important.