葛洲坝水电站水轮机转轮密封改造

Alteration of Runner Seal of the Large Kaplan Turbine of Gezhouba Hydropower Station

我国早期生产的Kaplan水轮机的转轮密封大多采用"λ"形密封结构形式。从葛洲坝电站和其他几个电站较大型水轮发电机组的运用情况来看,这种密封形式均存在密封失效现象,有些甚至大量漏油,造成环境污染和经济损失。因此,这种相当于填料密封的结构形式用于大型水轮机是不合理的。利用摩擦学的设计思路,选用摩擦系数小的密封材料,采用多层"V"型密封,布置成双向的密封形式,是解决大型轴流转桨式水轮机转轮密封失效问题的有效途径。

In many hydropower stations built in early stage, The “λ” type sealing structure is widely used in Kaplan turbine runner with adjustable blades. According to the operating performance status of hydroelectricity units in Ge Zhouba and such large hydropower stations, there exist problems of sealing failure. Some of them even brought on large amount of oil leakage, which has conducted heavy environmental pollution and massive economic loss. It proves that such structure of packing seal is unsuitable to large hydraulic turbine. Based on the design theories of friction, this paper introduces a new type of sealing structure, which adopts hi-directional multi-layer “V” type seal with low friction coefficient packing materials. This kind of sealing structure can efficiently solve the sealing failure problems in Kaplan runner with adjustable blades.