追氮时期对不同类型小麦籽粒产量和品质影响

Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing Stage on Grain Quality and Yield of Different Types of Wheat

追氮时期对不同类型小麦籽粒的产量和品质有明显的影响.拔节(雌雄蕊原基形成)期和挑旗(四分体)期追施氮肥能显著增加穗粒数,极显著地提高粒重,收获指数和籽粒产量均显著提高;追氮时期过早(起身期)或过迟(开花期)均对小麦的籽粒产量产生不利影响.追氮时期对不同类型小麦品种的籽粒产量的调控效应不同,鲁麦22拔节期追氮显著优于挑旗期,而烟农15拔节期与挑旗期调控效果差异不显著.从对籽粒品质的影响看,品种是决定籽粒面粉品质的基础;挑旗期和拔节期追施氮肥,能提高籽粒容重、出粉率和面粉的湿面筋含量、沉淀值;显著延长面团形成时间、稳定时间和断裂时间,降低公差指数,提高粉质指标评价值.

Nitrogen topdressing stage had significant effects on yield and quality of different types of wheat. Number of grain and weight of grain were significantly increased with Nitrogen fertilize at jointing （forma- tion of pistil and stamen primordium） and flagging stage （tetrad） ,meanwhile,harvest index and grain yield were also significantly improved. Whether fertilizer application stage was too early （getting-- up stage） or late （flowering stage） resulted in negative effects on grain yield of wheat. The effects of nitrogen topdress- ing stage on grain yield of different types of wheat were not same. Nitrogen fertilizer at elongation stage was better than that at flagging stage for Lumai22,however,there was not significantly different for Yan- nong15. The flour＇s grain quality was based on varieties from effects on grain quality. Grain test weight and flour extraction,wet gluten content, sedimendation volume, farinograph evaluation value were higher with nitrogen topdressing at flagging and jointing stage. At the same time, the time of dough formation, dough stability and dough to breaking down were significantly prolonged ,and tolerance index was decreased.