河流溶存N2O的环境化学过程及其在水-气界面交换过程的研究

Summary of Studies on Environmental Chemical Process of Dissolved N_2O in Rivers and the Exchange Flux Between Water-Air Interface

氧化亚氮(N2O),既是一种重要的温室气体,又是破坏大气臭氧层的物质之一,由人类活动导致的N2O年排放量正以平均每年约0.25%的速率增加。河流作为陆地生态系统向海洋生态系统输送物质的重要通道之一,其氮素负荷量也在逐年上升,相应地,河流释放的N2O已经越来越成为大气N2O的一个重要的源。本文对河流溶存N2O的形成机理、影响因素、测定方法及其在水-气界面交换通量的测定、计算方法和模型、稳定同位素分析方法等方面的若干研究进展进行了综述。

N2O is an important type of greenhouse gas as well as an ozonosphere-destroying material. The annual amount of N2O resulted from human activities is increasing by 0.25% each year. River is an important channel to transfer materials from terrestrial ecosystem to aquatic ecosystem, riverine nitrogen flux is increasing per year, too. Accordingly, N2O released by rivers is becoming one of important sources to atmosphere. This paper summarizes the recent advances in the following aspects： N2O dissolved in rivers and it＇s forming mechanisms, influencing factors, as well as the determination method. In addition, exchange flux of N2O between the air-water interface and analysis method of stable isotopes are also discussed.