季节、采胶和外源茉莉酸对成龄橡胶树乳管分化的影响

Effects of Season,Exploitation and Exogenous Jasmonic Acid on the Laticifer Differentiation in Mature Rubber Trees

橡胶树树干树皮中的乳管列数目与橡胶产量密切相关。为了建立成龄橡胶树乳管分化的调控技术，笔者采用实验形态学的手段，研究季节、采胶和外源茉莉酸对成龄橡胶树乳管分化的影响。结果表明，在海南岛自然条件下，乳管分化开始于6-7月份，在11月～翌年的5月没有乳管分化：割胶包括正式割胶前的预割能显著提高橡胶树形成层分化乳管的能力，其影响的范围相当大；外施茉莉酸对未开割树和割胶树的乳管分化都有促进作用。这些知识对于发展高效合理的采胶技术可能具有指导意义。

The number of laticiferous vessels in the bark of trunk is closely related with the rubber yield. In order to develop a technique to regulate the laticifer differentiation in mature rubber trees, an attempt was made to investigate the effects of season, exploitation and exogenous jasmonates on the laticifer differentiation by using light microscopy and experimental morphology method. Rubber trees initiate laticifer differentiation in June and July while no laticifer differentiation occur during the periods from November to May under natural conditions on Hainan Island. Application of jasmonates induced laticifer formation in both immature and mature （tapped） rubber trees. Tapping and/or pre-tapping enhanced the ability of vascular cambia to differentiate the secondary laticifers. This might be of guiding significance for development of efficient and suitable tapping techniques