幼龄茶树与小黑麦间作系统的生态效应

Ecological Effects of Intercropping of Triticale with Young Camellia Sinnensis

对不同间作模式的幼龄茶树与小黑麦系统生态特征及其茶树、小黑麦生长发育和草产量的影响进行初步研究。结果表明:在幼龄茶树与小黑麦间作系统中,带型差异对小黑麦的净光合速率(Pn)影响较小,但对初夏季节幼龄茶树叶片的"午休"现象影响明显,2:1带型、2:3带型和2:5带型的Pn值分别比纯茶树处理(AS1)提高12.3%、23.1%、26.5%。在小黑麦的越冬期的光照强度与单作茶园差异不明显,但能提高系统气温和土壤温度,随间距的增加呈明显降低的趋势,有利于幼龄茶树的安全越冬。在小黑麦的拔节期、灌浆期,能明显削减间作系统内光强,降低气温和土温,且随着间距的缩小而降低,对幼龄茶树的生长速率、新稍数量等有一定的负面影响。间距加大可产生明显的边行效应,增加单位面积草产量,不同间距处理的鲜草、干草产量大多达到显著或极显著水平。

An attempt was made to study the ecological characteristics of different intercropping systems between Triticale and young Camellia sinnensis, the growth of Triticale and young Camellia sinnensis, and the influence of the intercropping systems on the grass yield. The result showed that among the intercropping systems between Triticale and young Camellia sinnensis, the effects of different strip patterns on the net photosynthesis rate in Triticale were not significant, but significant on ＂ Midday Depression＂ of the leaves of the young Camellia sinnensis in early summer. Compared to monoculture of Camellia sinnensis, the net photosynthesis rate of the strips patterns of the intercropping at 2：1, 2：3 and 2：5 were increased by 12.3 %, 23.1% and 26.5 %, respectively. No difference was found in light intensity between the intercropping and the monocuhure of Camellia sinnensis at the wintering stage of Triticale, but the intercropping systems improved the atmospheric and soil temperature which tended to decrease significantly with the increase of interval distance. The intercropping was favourable for safe over-wintering of Camellia sinnensis. During the stages of jointing and grouting in Triticale, the intercropping systems obviously cut down the light intensity, and lowered the atmospheric and soil temperature. With the reducing interval distances, negative effects were found on the growth rate and the number of fresh shoots in young Camellia sinnensis. Increasing interval distances had high increased obviously. The fresh grass yield and hay yield marginal effects and the grass yield per unit area was from different interval treatments were significantly or highly significantly different.