甲磺隆对高粱和谷子生理代谢的影响

Effect of Metsulfuron-methyl on the Physiological Metabolism of Grain Sorghum and Millet

[目的]为大田正确使用大田除草剂提供理论依据。[方法]对高粱、谷子喷施甲磺隆,观察高粱和谷子光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率的日变化。[结果]1日内高粱和谷子的蒸腾速率、气孔导度均呈抛物状曲线,高粱的蒸腾速率均高于谷子,谷子对除草剂的敏感性高于高粱,10:00～18:00时甲磺隆对气孔的抑制作用更强。在光照强、温度高的条件下,甲磺隆能降低谷子的蒸腾速率。除草剂处理后高粱的光合速率12:00～18:00时较对照低,谷子的光合速率10:00～18:00时显著低于对照,降幅30%～56%。[结论]甲磺隆可明显抑制高粱和谷子的光合速率、气孔导度及蒸腾速率,对谷子的光合速率、气孔导度抑制作用明显大于高粱。光合作用受除草剂的影响更大,谷子抗除草剂的能力弱。

[Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical basis of using field herbicides correctly.[Method] The grain sorghum and millet were sprayed with metsulfuron-methyl to observe the diurnal changes of their photosynthetic rate,stomata conductance and transpiration rate.[Result] The diurnal changes of transpiration rate and stomata conductance of grain sorghum and millet all showed the parabola curve,all the transpiration rates of grain sorghum were higher than that of millet,the sensitivity of millet to herbicides was higher than that of grain sorghum,and the restraining effect of metsulfuron-methyl on stomata was stronger at 10：00～18：00.Under the condition of intense sunlight and high temperature,metsulfuron-methyl could reduce the transpiration rate of millet.After being treated with herbicides,the photosynthetic rate of grain sorghum was lower than CK at 12：00～18：00,that of millet was significantly lower than CK at 10：00～18：00,with falling range of 30%～56%.[Conclusion] Metsulfuron-methyl could restrain the photosynthetic rate,stomata conductance and transpiration rate of grain sorghum and millet obviously,and the retraining effect on the photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance of millet was obviously higher than that of grain sorghum.The photosynthesis of millet was more influenced by herbicides and the millet＇s resistance to herbicides was weak.