先秦两汉时期山东私学的地位与成因

The Position and Cause of Shandong Private Schools in the Period of Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties

春秋末期,山东地区产生了中国古代第一个严格意义的私学——孔子儒学。此后一直到魏晋,山东地区在中国私学和整个教育事业中一直占据着领先和中心的地位,为中国文化的传承和发展做出了贡献。山东地区之所以成为私学发源地,一是春秋时期经济发展、政治变革、社会转型这一大环境的要求,二是山东地区文化底蕴丰厚,是当时唯一保存完好的周文化教育中心,三是孔子个人努力奋斗的结果。人才优势、私学传统、相对稳定的环境和政治支持则保证了山东地区在战国、秦汉和魏晋时期仍然维持着全国私学中心的地位。

In the late Spring-and-Autumn period, the first technically private school--which taught Confucianism founded by Confucius--was born in the present Shandong area.. From then on, Shandong had been occupying a leading and central position in terms of private schools and education of our country, and had made great contributions to the inheritance and development of the Chinese culture. There are three reasons that Shandong area became the cradle of private schools in our country. Firstly, it was the demand of economic development, political transformation and social transition in the late Spring-and-Autumn Period; secondly, it possessed rich and generous cultural heritage, which was the only well-kept center of Western Zhou culture; third, it was the result of Confucius＇ efforts and strife. It was the advantage of abundant talents, the tradition of private schools, and relatively stable environment and prosperous economy that maintained the central position of Shandong in private schools of our country in the periodS of the Han and Wei and Jin dynasties.