野山参的来源、形态、产地、类别及鉴别

Brief Introduction to the Origin,Shape,Production Area,Sort and Differentiating of Wild Ginseng

野山参的发现距今有4000年历史,我国最早的药学专著《神农本草经》记载,人参的功能为"补五脏、安精神、定魂魄、止惊悸、除邪气、明目、开心益智,久服轻身延年。"将人参列为最佳补品。自汉代以后,人参即被列为珍贵药材,广泛用于治疗各种疾病。近代的人参化学成分和药理作用都是应用人工栽培的园参进行化学检测的。野山参的近代研究报道较少,仅仅略知其与园参化学成分相近,少数成分含量差异较大,这正是野山参的独特作用所在。目前我国科学工作者从人参中分离出人参皂苷30余种,如Ra1、Ra2、Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Ro、Rd、Rg1、Rg2等,检测证明,野山参的含量都数倍于人工栽培的园参。这些有效成分对治疗心肌供氧不足,心肌梗死,有明显效果,它的强心作用,可用于抢救心源性和失血性休克。同时,人参皂苷有促智作用,可抗老年痴呆症。

The wild ginseng was found with the history of more than 4000 years. The earliest pharmacy book called《shennongbencaojing》, which had described wild ginseng as the best cordial. The wild ginseng had the function of notifying the five viscera, soothing nerves, stopping the horrifying, avoiding from the evil influence, improving the eyesight, nourishing the brain and could enlarge your life expansion with long time nourished by the wild ginseng. Since Han dynasty, the wild ginseng was listed as the precious medicinal medicine, and had been widely applied in the clinic to treat various kinds of diseases. Constituents and pharma cological effects of the ginseng were all measured from the artificial cultivated ginseng. In recent years, there are seldom study and report about the wild ginseng, only known the result that the wild and artificial cultivated ginseng has the similar chemical ingredient. But there is a great difference in minority of chemical ingredient, and that is what the exactly particular function of the wild ginseng. Until now, the scientists have isolated more than 30 kinds of ginsenosides from the wild ginseng, such as Ral,Ra2,Rbl, Rb2,Rb3,Ro,Rd,Rgl,Rg2. The detection show that these ingredients in wild ginseng are times of those in artificial cultivated one, which can have better effect in theraping myocardial infarction and oxygen deficit in myocardial. The wild ginseng also can be implied in emergency treatment of cardiac or hemorrhagic shock. What＇s more, ginsenosides can nourish the brain therefore resist Alzheimer Disease.