中国近四十年最高最低温度变化

ON CHANGES OF CHINA'S MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURES IN THE RECENT 40 YEARS

利用中国１９５１－１９９０年的实测资料，在剔除测站迁移和城市化热岛效应对气候变化趋势的可能影响之后，研究了中国最高温度、最低温度的时空变化趋势特点。结果表明，最高温度在９５°Ｅ以西及黄河以北地区普遍呈增温趋势，而在东部黄河以南却呈降温趋势；最低温度在全国普遍呈增温趋势，在高纬度地区增暖最明显。这种变化使得日较差表现出明显的减少趋势。虽然最高、最低温度变化的准周期性规律是一致的，但它们的线性变化趋势却呈现出明显的不对称性。最低温度的显著升高反映了近４０ａ中温室效应持续加强的迹象。进一步的分析表明。

Based on China's observational data from 1951-1990, after minimizing the possible biases caused by station relocation and urban heat island, the spatial and temporal distributions of trends for maximum and minimum temperatures are studied. The results show that increasing trends of maximum temperature are in the areas west to 95°E, and north to the Yellow River, however, decreasing trends were observed in eastern China south to the Yellow river. Minimum temperatures are generally increasing throughout China, with dominant warming trends at the higher latitudes. This resulted in very obvious decreasing trend for temperature daily range. The quasi-oscillation cycles were consistent between the maximum and minimum temperatures, but asymmetric trends were obvious. The significant increase of minimum (night-time) temperatures reflects the evidence of enhancement of green house effect. Further analysis showed that the changes of maximum and minimum temperatures are mainly related to sun-shine duration and atmospheric water vapor content.