“走西口”与近代绥远地区的匪患

A Study on the Relationship between "Moving Westward" and the Banditry in Modern Suiyuan Area

清末民国时期,走西口移民大量涌入绥远地区,给当地社会经济文化带来很大冲击。近代以来历届政府出于移民实边、充裕国库的需要鼓励老百姓走西口,但并没有对整个移民活动进行统筹规划,也没有采取一些切实有效的措施来保障移民的权益,使他们能够在移入地尽快恢复正常的生产、生活秩序。因此,"走西口"移民活动完全是在经济利益的驱动下,以一种无序的状态进行的。加之近代绥远地区政局动荡不安、灾患频仍不断、基层控制能力薄弱以及移民自身素质等各种因素的共同作用,部分移民最终走上了匪盗之路。

During the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the westward immigrants got into the Suiyuan area massively, which produced a huge impact on the local society. Because of the need of consolidate the border defense and increasing revenue, every regime encouraged the people to move westward, but they didnt have a complete plan to carry out the measures to protect the immigrant＇s rights which could guarantee the immigrants to get into the normal life as soon as possible. Therefore, the action of ＂ moving westward＂ was carried out under the chaotic condition totally. Additionally, there were many other factors that made some immigrants the bandits finally,such as the the unstable situation, the frequent natural disasters, the weak control and the immigrants＇low qulity. This article hopes to reflect this historical fact by a tentative study on the relationship between ＂moving westward＂ and the banditry in Suiyuan Area in modem times.