医用生物陶瓷及临床应用

Medical Bioceramics and Its Clinical Applications

生物陶瓷是用于修复和重建外伤和疾病患者骨骼的陶瓷。它们可以是惰性，可吸收和生物活性的。临床应用于髋、膝、牙、腱和韧带，治疗牙周病和颌面重建，牙嵴增高与加固颌骨，脊柱融合及肿瘤切除后骨的填充，碳涂层用作心脏瓣膜。新开发的模拟生物过程和离子注入的新技术，在聚合物表面形成类骨磷灰石层，具有良好的生物活性和延展性，不仅可替代硬组织，而且可替代软组织。生物活性铁磁微晶玻璃和耐化学腐蚀的放射性玻璃可用于癌症治疗。

Ceramics used for the repair and reconstruction of diseased or damaged parts of the musculoskeletal system,termed bioceramics,may be bioinert,resorbable,bioactive.Clinical applications include replacements for hips,knees,teeth,tendons and ligaments,repair for periodental disease,maxillofacial reconstruction,augmentation and stabilization of the jaw bone,spinal fusion and bone fillers after tumor surgery,carbon coatings for prosthetic heart valves.Advanced techniques such as biomimetic process and ion implantation can be used to form coatings with the bone like apatite layer on polymer,which are useful as substitutes not only for hard tissues but also for soft tissues,since it exhibits high bioactivity as well as ductility.Bioactive ferromagnetic glass ceramics and chemically durable radioactive glasses are expected to be useful for cancer treatments.