高速铁路曲线线路车线耦合系统动力学性能仿真分析

Simulation Research on the Dynamic Characteristics of Vehicle-Track Coupling System on the Curved Track of High-Speed Railway

依据系统工程理论,建立高速铁路曲线线路车线耦合系统有限元模型,对曲线线路在高速行车条件下的耦合系统动力学性能进行仿真,研究时速300 km等级高速动车组作用下曲线线路安全与平稳性指标,曲线线路轨道结构各部分的振动响应、列车速度与曲线半径和超高的关系。结果表明:动车组以350 km.h-1的速度通过半径为5 500,7 000和9 000 m的曲线线路时,动车组的垂向和横向振动加速度以及平稳性能均满足舒适度要求,而且脱轨系数和轮轴横向力也能满足列车运行安全性要求;钢轨支点的横向力表现为过超高时内轨侧大、外轨侧小,欠超高时外轨侧大、内轨侧小;钢轨、轨枕的垂向和横向加速度随速度增加明显增大,而道床和路基的垂向加速度变化不大;钢轨和轨枕的横向动位移和动态轨距扩大量随速度的增加而增大;相同速度下,曲线半径小的轨道振动相对较大。

Based on system engineering theory, the dynamic finite element models of vehicle-track coupling system on the curved track of high-speed railway are established. The dynamic characteristics of vehicle-track coupling system on curved track under high-speed train operation are simulated. The safety and riding index of curved track acted by 300 km·h^-1 motor train unit and the relation between the vibration response of each part about track structure and the vehicle velocity, the curve radius and the designed superelevation are analyzed. The simulated results demonstrate that when the motor train unit passes through the 5 500, 7 000 and 9 000 m radius curve track by 350 km·h^-1 velocity, the vertical and horizontal vibration acceleration and riding of the motor train unit could satisfies the demand of comfortableness, and the derailment coefficient and the lateral axis force could satisfies the demand of safety. If it is the surplus superelevation, the lateral force of the inner rail support is larger than the force of the outer rail support. If it is the deficient superelevation, the lateral force of the outer rail support is larger than the force of the inner rail support. The increase amplitude of the vertical and lateral acceleration of rail and sleeper with train velocity increase are larger than the increase amplitude about ballast bed and subgrade. The rail and sleeper lateral displacement and the enlargement of rail dynamic gauge are enlarged with the increase of the vehicle velocity. Under the same velocity, the smaller radius curve track vibration response is larger than the bigger curve radius track vibration response.