青岛市大沽河流域防汛信息系统

Flood Prevention Management Information System for Qingdao City's Daguhe River Basin

随着计算机信息技术在水利学科中应用的深入,以及数字水利、数字流域概念的提出,水利信息化已经成为这一行业领域的主要发展方向,各种流域模型在与地理信息系统平台结合后在数据的收集、存储,提取与处理的基础上都有了很大的发展,在水利工程的规划设计、防洪减灾、水量分配等方面有更为广泛的应用。青岛市大沽河流域内洪水有来势猛、峰高量大和暴涨暴落的特性,为满足防汛管理部门对洪水预测及相关信息快速浏览查询的需求,建立了青岛市大沽河流域防汛信息系统。该系统在MAPX地理信息系统开发软件、数据库存储技术和水流数学模型的支持下,实现了大沽河流域的地理信息、水文信息以及其他信息的综合管理,同时通过水流数学模型对一维和二维洪水进行预测预报,并根据用户的需要完成所需的查询与分析功能,以最直观简洁的方式向用户展示系统的输出结果。系统数据库的开发在满足系统要求的基础上完成了与青岛市雨情水情自动监测系统的对接,保证了水文数据的实时性、完整性和准确性。系统集成了一维非恒定流模型与平面二维非恒定流水流模型,可以根据大沽河流域降雨量计算干流的水位变化以及发生溃堤后洪水的淹没过程。应用表明,该系统界面友好、功能完善、性能良好,具有很强的实用性。

With the increasing use of information technology in hydraulic engineering and the proposal of digital hydrology and watershed, hydro-information gradually turns into a main development trend in hydraulic engineering. The information and data, which are transferred and calculated in the digital hydrology and watershed system, could be collected, stored, extracted and transacted for the advantage of more accurate simulation of hydrologic and hydrodynamic process, Therefore, the system should play an important role in engineering design, flood control, disaster mitigation and water resource allocation. The floods in Qindao city＇s Daguhe River Basin always come fiercely with high flood tides and large flow rates, and may rise and fall suddenly and sharply. A flood management information system for the basin was developed to forecast the floods and supply the inquiry information for the flood prevention administration. Supported by MAPX GIS tools, databases and numerical simulations, the system stores all kinds of integrated information. Also the system uses the 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional numerical models for flood calculation and shows the results in a visual and brief way. The database design not only meets the demands of system development, but also makes connection to the existing Precipitation and Flow Automatic Inspection Sys- tem in Daguhe River Basin. Accordingly, the integrality and veracity of data is in security. 1-dimensional and 2- dimensional numerical models are integrated in the system, which calculates and forecasts elevation and velocity of flow in the main channel of Daguhe River in flood season and the flooded area out of levees if bank-break occurred. It is proved that the system has the advantage of very good practicability with friendly interface, complete functions and perfect performance.