2005年河南省学生身体形态、机能发育调查

Analysis on morphology and physical functions of Henan students in 2005

目的：掌握河南省学生发育现状及趋势，为政府部门制定相关政策提供依据。方法：依据全国学生体质调研细则的统一要求和标准，分层整群抽取河南15市154所中小学、4所大学，按照《2005年全国学生体质健康凋研工作手册》的要求，对学生进行身体形态、机能指标测定（监测指标：身高、体质量、胸围、肺活量、脉搏、血压、握力等）。获有效卡46801张，其中城市学生23392人，乡村学生23409人；男生23405人，女生23396人。结果：①多数形态发育指标较往年有所增长，少数指标呈负增长。城市男生身高比2000年增高0．11cm，城市女生比2000年降低0.24cm，城市男、女生体质量分别比2000年增加0．79kg和0．27kg；乡村男生、乡村女生身高比2000年分别增高0．23cm和0．45cm，乡村男生体质量减轻了0．03kg，乡村女生增加了0．22kg。②体质量指数（BMI，kg／m^2）比2000年增加了0．05至0．37。③肺活量平均下降了170mL。④乡村学生的多数形态指标低于城市学生，特别是6～11岁男女生身高分别比同龄同性别城市学生低3．0～4．5cm、2．5～3．5cm。结论：河南学生的形态发育水平较往年有所提高，营养状况进一步改善；但机能指标下降。乡村小学生的发育水平远低于城市小学生。

Aim：To get the message of the students＇physical development status and tendency in Henan province, and provide government with evidence for making correlated policy. Methods：Sampling survey was performed on students from 15 cities in Henan province according to the requirement of the national students＇constitution investigation detailed rules and regulations. The data of 46 801 subjects were collected. Results：Compared with the data in year 2000, the level of most morphological development indexes of the students rose slightly; the stature of boys and girls in cities increased by 0.11 cm, -0.24 cm, respectively and the weight increased by 0.79 kg,0.27 kg, respectively; the stature of boys and girls in rural areas increased by 0.23 cm,0.45 cm, respectively and the weight increased by -0.03 kg,0.22 kg, respectively. BMI（ kg/m^2） increased by 0.05 to 0.37. Vital capacity of the students decreased by 170 mL. The level of most morphological development indexes of the students in rural areas were lower than those of the students in cities, especially the stature of 6 to 11 years old boys and girls in rural areas. Conclusion ： The morphological development level was increased, the nutritional status was improved, the functional indexes were descended; the developmental level of the rural students is much lower than that in urban students.