温州市区空巢老人幸福度及影响因素研究

Study on the Related Factors of Subjective Well-being of the Empty-nest Aged People in Wenzhou City

目的了解社区空巢老人幸福度状况,探讨影响空巢老人幸福度的因素。方法采用整群抽样法抽取温州市区314名空巢和342名非空巢老人,采用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)、自行设计的人口学资料及影响因素问卷入户调查。结果空巢老人与非空巢老人人口学资料中婚姻状况、居住形式、月收入、负性生活经历及患病情况5项差异有显著性意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),两者总幸福度差异无显著意义(P>0.05),但正性情感、负性情感、正性体验、负性体验差异有显著意义(均P<0.05);不同年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住形式、娱乐活动、患病情况的空巢老人幸福度分项差异有显著意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);患病情况、居住条件、经济收入、娱乐活动和负性生活事件对空巢老人幸福度有重要影响(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论温州市空巢老人总体幸福度较高但负性因子较非空巢老人多,关注空巢老人的患病情况、居住条件、经济收入、兴趣爱好和负性生活事件等有利于提高其正性情感和正性体验。

Objective To investigate the factors that influence subjective well-being （SWB） of the empty-nest aged people. Methods Data were collected through individual interview in which standardized questionnaires were completed by 314 empty-nest aged people and 342 un-empty-nest aged people in Wenzhou city. SWB was indexed by positive factor, negative factor and total score of MUNSH. Results There was no significant difference in total score of SWB between the empty-nest aged people and the un-empty-nest aged people （P〉0.05）, but scores of every subdimension had significant difference （P〈0.05 for all）. Significant difference in scores of subdimnsions of SWB was found between sex, age, educational background, marital status, sickness, the pattern of habitation and entertainment Of the empty-nest aged people （P〈0.05,P〈0.01）. Sickness, housing condition, income, patlern of entertainment and negative events were proved to influence SWB of empty-nest aged people significantly （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Conclusion The SWB of the empty-nest aged people in Wenzhou city is good. Economic income, interest, the housing condition and negative event have important influence on SWB of the empty-nest aged people.