经济网络与社会动员：革命时期中国共产党乡村合作运动社会效用分析--兼与国民政府乡村合作社之比较

Economic Nets and Social Mobilization:an Analysis of the Farming Cooperation's Effects on the Revolutionary Bases Which Had been Constructed by the Chinese Communist Party before the Liberation

在以农民为主体的国度中,以"制度创新"为主要内容的变革及社会经济建设的成功与否,相当大程度上取决于农民的态度。或更直接地说,是取决于政府对乡村社会的动员程度。为此,20世纪前半期,国共两党都发起了以动员乡村社会为旨归的合作运动,并形成了村落社区中以合作社为中心的新的"社会经济网络"。但是由于两党合作运动运行机制上的差异:即自上而下政府主导的"强制性制度变迁"与由下而上的民众自动的"诱致性制度变迁"两种相反路径,此种差异致使合作社在社会经济、政治动员方面所起作用悬殊,并最终造成了两党政权合法性在乡村层面重建的迥异结果。

The peasant＇s attitudes affect the results of the institutional change in a country based on the peasant, in other words, the reform＇s success depends on the level of the government＇s social mobilization of the rural society. In the former half of the 20th Century, the Communist party and the Republic party had initiated the cooperation movement in order to mobilizing the rural society, and formed newly economic nets which focused on the cooperation. The paths which the two parties took had many differences and had resulted in not only the contrary outcomes of the social mobilization in many aspects such as the economy and the politics, but also in the diversities of the two parties＇ regime validity in the rural society.