类型学及其理论框架下的语言比较

Typology and Its Theoretical Framework for the Comparative and/or Contrastive Study of Languages

类型学是一个发展迅速的语言学分支。从开始时的语言类型划分,到后来的跨语言模式研究和功能类型方法,无一不和语言比较密切相关。类型学研究样本的建立离不开传统的比较语言学。类型学的任务是探索人类语言的共性,其理论涵盖一个特殊的语言比较方法,但其中的一些概念、研究策略和内在联系还需重新认识。在类型学理论框架下进行本民族语和外语的比较研究,不仅有利于认识人类语言整体,把握语言发展和思维规律,更有利于认识本民族语。

Typology is a branch of linguistics developing rapidly. It started with the typological classification of languages, took in the study of linguistic patterns across languages, and expanded to functional-typological approach to linguistic theory, all of which are closely related to language comparison （and/or contrast）. It is based on a well-selected linguistic sample that cannot be established without traditional comparative linguistics. It aims at the study of the universals of human languages in a deliberate method with cross- linguistic comparison as the essential characteristic, but needs to reform some concepts, research strategy, and the internal relationship between its various components. It allows the comparative study of our national language and a foreign language under a unique theoretical framework, which not only helps with the understanding of human languages in general, but also adds to the reassessing of our national language.