粪便无害化处理控制土壤中土源性线虫卵污染的效果分析

Analysis on control effectiveness of the non-hazardous treatment of night soil on egg contamination caused by soil-transmitted nematodes

目的探讨粪便无害化处理控制土壤中土源性线虫卵污染的效果。方法选择进贤县三里乡4个自然村,以3个改厕村作处理村,1个不改厕村作对照,观察粪便无害化处理前后土壤中土源性线虫卵污染及人群感染情况的变化。结果实施粪便无害化处理1年后,处理村土壤中土源性线虫卵污染率下降36.62%(P<0.01),村民庭院、客厅、厕所、菜园4处场所蛔虫卵污染率分别下降66.63%(P<0.01)、49.98%(P<0.05)、33.33%(P>0.05)和53.50%(P<0.01),鞭虫卵污染率下降82.98%(P<0.01)、75.00%(P<0.01)、72.73%(P<0.01)和67.24%(P<0.01),土源性线虫卵污染度(EPG)分别下降94.29%、92.19%、91.20%和90.71%,死虫卵率均达68.66%以上。人群蛔虫感染率下降40.81%(P<0.01),鞭虫感染率下降33.75%(P<0.01),土源性线虫总感染率下降36.33%(P<0.01)。对照村土壤中土源性线虫卵污染率和污染度的变化无显著性(P>0.05),人群土源性线虫感染率亦无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论粪便无害化处理可有效降低土壤中土源性线虫卵的污染率和污染度,并可取得显著降低人群感染的效果。

Objective To study the control effectiveness of the non-hazardous treatment of night soil on egg contamination caused by soil-transmitted nematodes. Methods Three latrine-rebuilt villages and one common village in Sanli Township, Jingxian County were selected as pilot sites. The changes of infection rate of residents and egg contamination caused by soil-transmitted nematodes were observed before and after the non-hazardous treatment of night soil. Results One year later after the non-hazardous treatment of night soil was implemented, the total rate of egg contamination in latrine-rebuilt villages decreased by 36.62 % （P〈0.01） ; the rates of egg contamination of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura in dooryard, living room, lavatory, and kailyard decreased by 66.63%（P〈0.01）, 49.98% （P〈0; 05）, 33. 33%（P〈0. 05） and 53. 50%（P〈0. 01）, and 82.98%（P〈0.01）, 75.00%（P〈0.01）, 72. 73%（P〈0.01） and 67.24%（P〈0.01）, respectively; EPG of soil-transmitted nematodes decreased by 94. 29%, 92. 19%, 91. 20% and 90.71%, respectively. The rates of dead eggs in these 4 spots all reached above 68.66%. The infection rates of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura in residents decreased by 40.81%（P〈0.01） and 33.75%（P〈0.01）, respectively. And the total infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes decreased by 36.33% in the latrine-rebuilt villages. In the common village, there were no significant changes in the rate and density of egg contamination of soil transmitted nematodes （P〈 0.05） and in the infection rate of residents （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The non-hazardous treatment of night soil can reduce the rate and density of egg contamination of soil-transmitted nematodes efficiently, and decrease the infection rate of residents significantly.