艾比湖湿地自然保护区土壤保持生态功能及价值评价

Evaluation of soil conservation eco-function and eco-value of the Ebinur Lake Wetland Natural Reserve District in Xinjiang

针对艾比湖湿地保护区防风减沙、保持土壤的重要生态服务功能,利用两次实地土样采集、分析数据,以及精河、博乐、乌鲁木齐等相关区域问卷调查结果,综合运用生态经济研究中比较成熟的影子工程法、影子价格法、机会成本法和WTP法,结合研究区客观情况,辅以合理的修正系数,对其进行定量评价。评价结果为:研究区防风减沙、保土保肥的生态价值分别为2.303×108元/a和2.364×108元/a。其中,湿地生态系统在这两项价值中分别占64.26%和0.35%;林草地生态系统分别占35.74%和99.65%。可见,以艾比湖水体为核心的湿地,在研究区防风减沙服务中作用非常突出,它的消长对保护区防风减沙功能影响十分明显。综合得到,研究区减沙保土生态服务的总价值为4.667×108元/a。

The Ebinur Lake Wetland Natural Reserve District lies in the well-known strong wind passage of the Allataw Mountain Pass in Xinjiang. It shows very obvious strong wind defending, sand-storm reducing and soils conserving effects and has been called as the natural eco-shield of the north Xinjiang. This paper calculates the ecoservice values by using substitute engineering method, substitute price method, opportunity cost method and willing to pay method, then reckons that the eco-value of strong wind defending and sand-storm reducing is 23 355.95× 10^4 RMB a years, the eco-value of soil and soil fertility conserving is 23 638.5 × 10^4 RMB a year. Among them, the wetland ecosystem of the Ebinur Lake takes up 64.26% and 0.35% of the two kinds of eco-values and the forest and grassland ecosystem around the lake makes up 35.74% and 99.65%. The results show that the strong wind de- fending and sand-storm reducing eco-functions of the Ebinur Lake is very strong, so the narrowing and extending of the lake area will result in acute effect on the eco-function. By adding up the two parts of eco-values, the paper coneludes that the total eco-valuation is 46 994.45×10^4 RMB a year.