福州市1950—2006年流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行趋势分析

Prevalence Tendency of Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis in Fuzhou during 1950—2006

目的掌握福州市1950—2006年流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)疫情动态分布,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用SPSS软件对疫情的流行病学资料进行数据处理。结果1957年以来,共报告51 188例流脑病例,死亡2796例,病死率为5.46%;福州市流脑曾有3次大小流行,1967—1968年大流行,发病率为658.70/10万、186.37/10万,病死率为7.74%、4.44%;小流行年1959年、1979—1980年发病率分别为43.02/10万、35.39/10万、52.54/10万,病死率分别9.25%、1.66%、1.53%。地区分布,虽然城区和8县有所差别,但各年份5区8县均有发病。1982年后,福州市大规模开展流脑菌苗预防接种,使流脑发病率逐年稳步下降至2006年的0.01/10万,但是,流脑发病季节没有明显改变。发病年龄在15岁以下的病例在散发年、小流行年、大流行年分别占78.55%、67.17%、64.37%。男女性别发病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.18,P>0.05)。结论鉴于福州市健康人群监测中,A、B、C、D菌群均齐全,且邻近省市有流脑新菌型流行,因此,该市流脑菌苗接种和监测控制等措施不可忽略。

[ Objective] To master the dynamic distribution of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and provide scientific evidence for the establishment of prevention and control countermeasures. [ Methods] SPSS software was applied to analyze the data of the epidemiological information of the disease. [ Results ] In the past 57 years, 51188 cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis was reported, 2796 of which died, the mortality was of 5.46% ; the prevalence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis took place in Fuzhou for three times, the great prevalence occurred during 1967-1968, the morbidity was 658.7/lakh and 186.37/lakh, the mortality was 4.44% for 7.74% for the year 1967 and 1968 respectively; the minor prevalence took place in the year of 1959, 1979 and 1980 with the morbidity of 43.02/lakh, 35.39/lakh and 52.54/lakh respectively and the mortality of 9.25% , 1.66% and 1.53% respectively in the three years; The regional distribution indicated that all the 5 districts and 8 counties had the epidemic situation despite some difference between the urban districts and the counties; the large-scale inoculation of epidemic cerebrosplnal meningitis vaccine after the year of 1982 contributed to the decrease of the morbidity to 0. 01/lakh; however, the attack season had no change; the cases that under the age of 15 in the dispersed year, small epidemic year and the big epidemic year occupied 78.55%, 67.17% and 64. 37% respectively; no significant difference was found in the morbidity between males and females （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. [ Conclusion] Colony A, B, C and D all exist in the healthy population of Fuzhou; therefore, inoculation and surveillance should not be ignored.