1Chrousos GP,Gold PW. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders:Overview of physical and behavioral homeostasis[J]. JAMA, 1992,267(9):1 244-1 252.
2Buyukkocak U, Daphan C, Caglayan O,et al. Effects of different anesthetic techniques on serum leptin,c reactive protein and cortisol concentration in anorectal surgery [J]. Croat Med J, 2006, 47 ( 6 ) :862-868.
4Akbas M, Titiz TA, Ertugrul F, et al. Comparison of the effect of ketamine added to bupivacaine and ropivacaine,on stress hormone levels and the duration of caudal analgesia[J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2005,49(10):1 520-1 526.
5Roth I,Sigkeit AK,Schmucker P. Postoperative dissociation of blood levels of cortisol and adrenocorticotropin after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery[J]. Steroids, 1997,62: 695-699.
6Ledowski T, Bein B, Hanss R, et al. Neuroendocrine stress response and heart rate variability: A comparison of total intravenous versus balanced anesthesia[J]. Anaesth Analg, 2005 ; 101 : 1 700-1 705.
8Teyin E, Derbent A, Balcioglu T, et al. The efficacy of caudal morphine or bupivacaine combined with general anesthesia on postoperative pain arid neuroendocrine stress response in children[J]. Paediatr Anaesth, 2006,16 ( 3 ) :290-296.
9Schulze S,Sommer P, Bigler D,et al. Effect of combined prednisolone, epidural analgesia, and indomethacin on the systemic response after colonic surger[J]. Arch Surg, 1992,127 : 325-331.
1Hirvonen EA, Nuutinen LS, Vuolteenaho O. Hormonal responses and cardiac filling pressures in head-up or head-down position and pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing operative laparoscopy. Br J Anaesth, 1997,78:128-133.
3Ishiyama T, Yamaguchi T, Kashimoto S,et al. Effects of epidural fentanyl and intravenous flurbiprofen for visceral pain during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia [J]. J Anesth,2001,15:69-73.
4Akural EI, Salomaki TE, Bloigu AH. The effects of preemptive epidural sufentanil on human immune function [J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 2004,48 ( 6 ) :750-755.
5Chemg CH, Yang CP, Wong CS. Epidural fentanyl speeds the onset of sensory and motor blocks during epidural ropivacaine anesthesia
[J]. Anesth Analg, 2005,101 : 1834-1837.
6Eichenberger U, Giana C, Petersen-Felix S, et al. Lumbar epidural fentanyl: segmental spread and effect on temporal summation and muscle pain [J]. Br J Anaesth, 2003,90:467-473.
7Borgdorff PJ, Ionescu TI, Houweling PL, et al. Large-dose intrathecal sufentanil prevents the hormonal stress response during major abdominal surgery: a comparison with intravenous sufentanil in a prospective randomized trial [J]. Anesth Analg,2004, 99(4) :1114-1120.
