进步的观念与文化认同的危机——对中国人价值变迁机制的探讨

The ldea of Progress and the Crisis of Cultural identity:An Analysis of the Transformation of Chinese Values

社会与价值变迁本是历史事实,但不同的判别标准会对变与不变作出一种界定,使得一种文化模式成为可能。据此,中国文化在自身几千年的变化中业已形成了比较固定的文化形态,它在价值层面上可以概括为在宗法与小农经济基础上成长起来的审美文化类型。当这种文化受到西方文明的军事打击时,中国人的自尊心开始受到挑战,导致人们学会用进化论与进步的观念来重新审视自身的文化,结果在革命、改革与技术进步的线性模式中,中国文化被分割成先进与落后两类,其中包含的实用理性和目的理性促成了中国人在走向现代化的同时,遭遇到了文化认同的危机与极为严峻的社会问题。

Having gone through the vicissitudes of a history of thousands of years, the Chinese culture was firmly established on the basis of patriarchal clan system and small-scale farming economy, with aesthetic aspiration as its character - until recent times. When hit hard by western military forces, the Chinese people looked back on their own tradition with a hurt pride. They started to replace aesthetic aspiration with pursuit of technical progress, and learned to partition their culture into two opposed parts - the advanced and the backward. In such a case, the crisis of cultural identity and many other social problems arose, only to get worse with the nation＇s march into modernization.