高本汉“二手材料”构拟《广韵》之检讨

Critique of Bernhard Karlgren's Reconstruction of Guangyun Using Second-Hand Materials

瑞典学者高本汉《中国音韵学研究》使用"第二手资料"构拟《广韵》存在着相当大的局限性。例如:宽式音标与严式音标记音不协调;传统音韵文献使用上的"粗疏"影响到了结论的精确性;"抽样选字"方法获得虚假音类;用"阿尔泰语系"语音材料违背语言亲属关系比较的原则等。这种状况是有其深刻历史原因的,毕竟当时条件下以"第二手资料"为始,逐步向"第一手资料"全面过渡,需要一个由浅入深的认识过程。结合新的研究成果与条件,我们应当扩大高本汉构拟《广韵》所用"第二手资料"的应用范围,进一步丰富和完善高本汉学说的理论与方法,努力取得汉语音韵学研究的新突破。

Bernhard Karlgren,a Swedish scholar had reconstructed Guangyun by using second hand materials inétudes sur la phonologie Chinoise,which has severe limitations.For example,the description of sound is not coordinated between narrow transcription and broad transcription;the looseness characterizing the use of traditional phonology literature affects the accuracy of conclusions;the selection of characters by sampling could lead to false sound;and the use of the phonetic data of Altaic language family goes against the principle of language kinship comparison.This situation has deeply rooted historical reasons because it takes a gradual process of realization to shift from second hand materials to first hand materials.By integrating new research results and research contexts,we should expand the application scope of second hand materials used by Bernhard Karlgren in reconstructing Guangyun,further enrich and improve his theories and methods,and make efforts to achieve new breakthroughs in the research on Chinese phonology.