三峡水库渔业发展对策探讨

Fishery resources in Three Gorges reservoir and development countermeasures

针对三峡库区的水生态环境和渔业资源现状,预测并探讨了网箱养殖可能对三峡水库水质和鱼类资源造成的影响。为保护三峡水库的水环境,保证水库渔业的可持续发展,提出3点措施:①严禁在库区开展投饵式网箱养殖、其它形式的投饵养殖以及施肥养鱼;②发展生态渔业,适当放养鲢、鳙等滤食性鱼类以利用水库中丰富的浮游生物资源,控制水库"水华"的发生,适当放养食鱼性鱼类,充分利用小型鱼类资源,提高优质鱼类产量;③大力发展土著鱼类的增殖保护,促进捕捞渔业的发展。

Built-up of Three Gorges dam widely expanded the water area and the Three Gorges Reservoir provided many advantages for aquaculture.Based on investigation and information collection of aquatic eco-environment and fishery resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir,impacts of net-cage culture on water quality have been predicted and discussed.In order to protect aquatic environment and maintain sustainable fishery of the Three Gorges Reservoir, three countermeasures are put forward.Firstly,cage culture by feeding and fish farming by fertilization must be forbidden.Secondly,proper stocking of filter-feeding fish such as silver carp and bighead carp can utilize abundant plankton and control the occurrence of algae bloom.Rational stocking of piscivorous fish can explore small forage fish and increase production of high quality fish.Thirdly,aquaculture proliferation of indigenous fish in the Three Gorges Reservoir should be encouraged and supported,which can promote the development of capture fishery.