民国时期农会的历史考察——以1927年-1949年的国民党农运为中心

On the History of the Peasant Association during the Period of the Republic of China——Focus on the policy of Kuomintung's peasant movement during 1927-1949

中国近代的农会出现于清末,一直到北洋政府时期它都是一个研究农学、讲求农务的新式职业团体。第一次国共合作时期,国共一起致力于农民运动,共同组织农民协会。国共分裂后,国民党及南京国民政府也在农民政策上发生了大的转向。在完全推倒过去农民协会的基础上,在新的农民政策下重新建立了自己的农会系统,其农会工作的目标与路向被确立为通过组织农民对农民进行控制,并在政府及党部的指导下发挥一定现代社会组织的作用,维护既有的社会秩序。这与中国共产党始终把农民协会当成是一种革命政权组织的发展模式是迥然不同的。

Chinese peasant association appeared in late Qing Dynasty as a kind of professional body. During the period when Kuomintung and Communist Party cooperated, both of them set up a lot of associations till they separated from each other. After that, Kuomintung and the government under its control changed its policy of peasant movement and set up a new kind of System of peasant association. It was a new goal for Kuomintung to control peasants and keep its order in rural China. So, there was more difference between CPC and Kuomintung in the process of organizing peasants.