山东省菏泽市布鲁杆菌病聚集性发病的流行病学调查

Epidemiologic investigation on Brucellosis aggregating prevalence in Heze City, Shangdong

目的分析布鲁杆菌病（简称布病）在菏泽市的流行原因及特点，为制订科学防治措施提供依据。方法采集重点人群和当地家畜血液标本，采用虎红平板试验和试管凝集试验进行检测。所有病例均按照流行病学调查、临床症状和实验室检验结果进行确诊。结果菏泽市重点人群布病发病率为14．1％（116／825），发病以2—5月居多[70．7％（82／116）]，集中于屠宰户[66．4％（77／116）]和养殖户[20．7％（24／116）]，主要通过接触病死羊羔感染[75．0％（87／116）]，临床症状以发热[94．8％（110／116）]、乏力[64．7％（75／116）]、关节痛[45．7％（53／116）]为主，所有病人经规范治疗预后良好。结论菏泽市部分县（区）布病聚集性发病的原因是外地传染源的输入。在屠宰加工过程中，没采取任何防护措施，造成感染，直接接触病死羊羔是主要传染途径。加强布病疫区畜产品的检疫，严禁病死羊羔的流入，对高危人群进行布病防治知识的宣传教育，加强个人防护，规范治疗病人，可迅速控制并最终消灭局部地区的布病疫情。

Objective To analysis the reason and characteristic of Brucellosis prevalence in Heze City thus to provide basis for decision-making for prevention and control. Methods Blood samples from high risk population and livestocks were collected and tested with plate and tube agglutination method. All cases were diagnosed according to epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory information. Results Brucellosis prevalence was 14.1% （116/825） in Heze. The season peak was from February to May [ 70.7% （82/116） ]. The main professions were butcher [ 66.4% （77/116） ] and breeder[20.7%（24/116）]. Lambs died of disease were the main infection sources[75.0%（87/116）]. The main symptoms were fever [94.8% （110/116） ], acratia [64.7% （75/116） ] and arthralgia [45.7% （53/116） ]. All cases had favourable prognosis after standard treatment. Conclusions Brucellosis aggregating prevalence in Heze resulted from the introduction of source of infection. There were no any protecting measures during butchering process. It is essential to quarantine livestock products especially from Brucellosis epidemic areas. Lambs died of disease should be strictly forbidden to be traded in, and health education on prevention and control of the disease should be highlighted in high risk population. Moreover, individual protection and routine treatment can render the elimination of the disease finally.