海南儋州普通野生稻开花习性及育性研究

Flowering Characteristics and Fertility of Common Wild Rice in Danzhou, Hainan, China

对海南儋州普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)的开花习性、花粉育性和结实率进行了研究。结果表明:海南儋州普通野生稻居群在原生境的开花时间为10月初到12月初;晴天开花时间主要集中在11:30-11:50,最适开花的气温为29.84±2.27℃,相对湿度为53.33±6.63%,阴天开花时间要推迟20-30min;每朵颖花从开颖到闭颖历时70-100min,颖花开放历时10-20s,50-60s之后开始散粉,闭颖约需要1h。花时与风速呈负相关,与温度呈正相关。单穗可育率大于50%的居多。结实率介于0-45%,其中多数小于10%。此居群与当地常规稻的开花有一定的差异,初步提出了对此居群普通野生稻原生境资源的合理利用和有效保护的策略。

Flowering habit, pollen fertility, seed setting of natural population of common wild rice （Oryza rufipogon Griff.） was investigated in Danzhou, China. Its flowering period was approximately 2 months long （from early October toearly December）. In sunny days, flowers opened mainly during 11：30 am to 11：50 am, with the optimum temperature of 29.84±2.27℃ and the relative humidity of 53.33±6.63%. In cloudy days, flowering was delayed 20-30 min. It took 70 to 100 min for each floret from opening to closing including opening stage of 10 to 20 sec, pollen scattering after 50 to 60 sec and closing stage of 1 hour. Flowering time was negatively related to wind speed and positively related to temperature. Most panicle had a fertility rate of over 50% and seed setting rate of less than 10%. Flowering habit of natural population of common wild rice has the difference with common rice in Danzhou. The Strategy of reasonably to utilize and effectly to protect natural population of common wild rice is proposed.