珠海市禽类养殖户禽流感KAP现状调查与影响因素分析

Investigation on the KAP Situation of Avian Influenza in Poultry Feeders in Zhuhai

目的了解珠海农村禽类饲养人员预防人感染高致病性禽流感知识、态度和行为的现状及可能行为影响因素,为健康教育干预提供依据。方法分层随机整群抽样选择养殖户,养殖户内主要负责养殖工作的人员作为调查对象,由调查员一对一询问调查对象完成调查问卷。结果珠海市农村禽类养殖户99%饲养的家禽是鸡。54.5%的调查对象知道鸭子也能传播禽流感,29%调查对象不知道人是怎么感染禽流感的,只有2%的人知道禽流感容易侵袭的各类人群;55.5%的人认为禽流感对自己有威胁,42%的调查对象表示如果发现异常死亡的禽鸟不会报告;禽类饲养数量多的养殖户对于自家禽类死亡后掩埋的比率和认为新买家禽与原有家禽分开饲养的比率显著高于饲养数量少的养殖户(p<0.05),家庭年经济收入高的养殖户对于禽鸟异常死亡的报告率明显高于收入低的养殖户;宰杀家禽时96.5%的调查对象都是徒手处理,没有任何防护。结论珠海农村禽类饲养人员预防人感染高致病性禽流感的知识较为薄弱,很多养殖户还存在家禽散养的习惯,群众对死禽报告率底,自我防护意识淡薄。

Objective To understand poultry feeders knowledge, attitute and practice（KAP） for the prevention of human--infected high pathogenic bird flu （HPAI） in the countryside of Zhuhai, thus providing a scientific basis for the intervention of HPAI applying health education. Methods The families and their members were selected by strata --random sampling and accepted questionnaire survey. Results 99% poultry feeders breed chicken in rural areas of Zhuhai city. 54.5 % poultry feeders knew that avian could be spread by duck. 29% objects surveyed didn＇t know how human infected avian and only 2% of them knew which population was susceptible to avian. 55.5% objects thought that avian was dangerous to human-- being. 42% of them wouldn＇t report the abnormal death poultry. The rates of death poultry buried and of separately breeding for old and newly bought poultry in large poultry breeding families were higher than those in small breeding ones （p〈0.05）. Reports on the abnormal dead poultry by high earning families was more than by low earning families （p〈0.05）. 96.5% objects done the slaughter without any protection. Conclusion Poultry feeders in the rural regions of Zhuhai city are lack of how to prevent HPAI. Many feeders are used to breeding poultry freely. They give less report on dead poultry and are deficient of self--protection.