种植方式对陆稻和水稻磷素吸收利用的影响

Effects of Cultivation Methods on the Absorption and Use Efficiency of Phosphorus in Upland Rice and Paddy Rice

以陆稻中旱3号和水稻武香粳99-8为材料,设置覆膜旱种和裸地旱种2种方式,以水层湿润灌溉为对照,研究了种植方式对磷(P)素吸收利用的影响。结果表明,与水种(对照)相比,中旱3号覆膜旱种的产量显著降低,而武香粳99-8覆膜旱种的产量则无显著差异,裸地旱种的产量均显著降低。旱种使稻株的含P率和P素累积量下降,但生育后期含P率下降速度变慢,并且使P素在叶片中的分配比例下降,茎鞘中的分配比例陆稻显著增加,水稻覆膜旱种显著增加,裸地旱种显著减少。旱种可增加P素物质生产效率,P素籽粒生产效率因覆膜与否而异。与武香粳99-8相比,中旱3号生育后期稻株含P率低且下降慢,P素累积量少,P素在叶片和穗部的分配比例较高,P素物质生产效率、P素籽粒生产效率和P素收获指数均增加,P素分配比例和P素籽粒生产效率在不同种植方式下变化幅度小。稻株的P素累积量与不定根数、根重和产量呈极显著正相关(r1=0.8227**,r2=0.7928**,r3=0.7344**)。表明旱种对P素吸收利用的影响因旱种方式和品种类型不同而有较大差异,旱种能增加P素的物质生产效率。

Upland rice and dry-cultivated paddy rice have been attracted more and more attention because of limited water resources in China, however, there is little information available on effect of cultivation methods on P absorption and use efficiency of upland rice and paddy rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference between upland rice cultivar Zhonghan 3 （japonica） and paddy rice cultivar Wuxiangiing 99-8 （japonica） under three cultivation methods of moist cultivation （MC, control）, plastic film mulching cultivation （PFMC）, and bare cultivation （BC）. Compared with the MC, the grain yield was signifi-cantly lower under PFMC for upland rice, but no significant difference between PFMC and MC for paddy rice, and significantly reduced under BC for both upland rice and paddy rice. P concentration and the amount of P absorption in plants under PFMC and MC were lower, whereas P concentration decreased more slowly from heading to maturity stage under PFMC and BC. The proportion of P in leaves was lower, whereas significantly higher in culms and sheaths for upland rice, and was significantly higher under PFMC and significantly lower under BC for paddy rice under dry cultivation than under MC. P use efficiency of matter production （PUEp） was significantly greater under dry cultivation than under MC after heading stage and P use efficiency of grain yield production （PUEg） was lower under PFMC and higher under BC than under MC. Compared with Wuxiangjing 99-8, Zhonghan 3 exhibited lower P concentration and slower decrease in P concentration, smaller P accumulation in plants at later growth stage, higher proportion of P in leaves and grains, greater PUEp, higher PUEg and P harvest index （PHI）, no difference at maturity and lower change range of the proportion of P in plants and PUEg production under three cultivations. The amount of P absorption was very significantly positively correlated with adventitious root numbers, root weight, and grain yield （r1=0.8227^＊＊, r2=0.7928^＊＊, r3 =0.7344^＊＊）. The results suggest that the effect of dry cultivation on the absorption and use efficiency of P varies largely with the cultivation methods and variety types, and dry cultivation could increase PUEp.