观察理论化的困境与根源

The Rattraps of Theorization of Observation and Its Root

观察理论化是当代科学哲学比较流行的理论思潮。观察理论化的主要命题包括"观察渗透理论"、"观察依赖理论"、"理论决定观察"、"理论先于观察"、"观察是主观的、非中立的"等。它存在取消观察、理论、推理并导致非理性主义、主观主义、相对主义、保守主义、神秘主义科学观的困境。从认识论上看,它的困境在于错误地处理了经验的性质、地位和作用;从哲学根源上看,它的困境在于把比较狭隘的语境中的观察用法误用到通用的、哲学的语境中,混淆了语言分析与认知过程分析。走出困境就应把观察确定为获得经验的过程。

Theorization of observation is one of thoughts that are prevalent in present philosophy of science. Its frame of theory is made up of several main propositions such as that the observation is permeated by theory, that the observation depend on theory, that theory determines observation, that theory pre--exist observation, that observation is subjective and non--adiaphorous, and so on. It is face with accusations that it cancels observation, theory, and reasoning, and that it result in views on science that is irrationalism, subjectivism, relativism,conservatism and even mysticism. Seen from epistemology, its difficulties consist in its mistaking the quality, status, and effect in cognition. Seen from philosophy of languge, its difficulties consist in its misusage of ＂observation＂ in the special context into the univesal, philosophical one. To get out of rattrap we should define observation as process of getting experience.