太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼及渔场表温关系研究

Study on the Relationship of Longline Bigeye Tuna and SST in the Pacific Ocean

根据收集到的太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼捕捞产量、海水表层温度(SST)数据等,研究了太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼捕捞产量及渔场区SST的统计特征。结果表明:太平洋延绳钓大眼金枪鱼渔场主要分布在较高温度的热带海域,整个太平洋渔场区平均SST为26.56℃,中位数为27.28℃,高产渔区SST相对较高,其主要渔场区平均表层水温主要位于23.8℃～29.3℃。渔场区SST数据分布为负偏,而产量数据分布为正偏。平均CPUE分布呈双峰分布,但主要捕捞产量多数在大于25℃海域捕捞。时间序列分析结果显示:太平洋大眼金枪鱼CPUE呈下降趋势,SSTA自1970年代末开始增加,表明太平洋热带海域处于变暖阶段,CPUE和MEI指数与SSTA的周期变化具有较好的一致性。

The longline bigeye tuna is one of the important fisheries in the Pacific Ocean. According to the collected catch data of bigeye tuna, sea surface temperature derived from satellite 3-level data production, and the statistical characteristics of longline bigeye tuna and SST were studied. The results showed that the fishing-grounds of longline bigeye tuna are mainly located at the tropical Pacific Ocean, and the SST is relatively higher than that in other areas. The average SST and median SST of fishing grounds are 26.56 ℃ and 27.28 ℃ respectively, and SST of high-catch fishing grounds is higher than that in other areas. SST in most fishing grounds areas ranges from 23.8 ℃ to 29.3 ℃. The distribution shape of SST is negative skew and the distribution shape of catch is positive skew, but average CPUE is bimodal distribution. In addition, most bigeye tuna were captured at the area with SST 〉 25℃. According to time series analysis, the CPUE of longline bigeye tuna in the Pacific Ocean is decreased gradually. SSTA began to increase from the late 1970＇s, indicating that the tropical Pacific Ocean is at the period of warming. The fluctuation period of CPUE, multivariate ENSO index （MEI） and SSTA have good relative.