港口规划环境影响评价与生态规划的技术思路探讨

Discussion of the Technical Route on EIA for Port Planning and Eco-planning

针对港口经济快速发展和海洋生态环境污染日趋严重的形势,系统地提出了港口建设规划环境影响评价与港口环境规划的技术思路。提出要在区域生态环境调查、港区环境容量研究以及环境影响有效识别的基础上确定环境目标、评价指标;从港区污水产生量及水资源需求估算,生产及生活需水量与排水量预测,相关规划方案实施后污水排放对港区水环境影响分析等方面探讨了水环境影响评价的主要内容;从生态环境的功能与稳定性分析,海洋生物群落稳定性分析,海洋渔业资源可持续性分析,吹填造陆对生态环境的影响分析以及生态资源承载力分析等方面探讨了生态环境影响预测分析的主要内容;从污染气象分析,污染物排放量预测,污染预测结果分析等方面探讨了大气环境影响预测的内容。结合对绿色港口建设模式及指标体系探讨,从环境保护基础设施完善、港区污染防治、环境风险防范管理、港区海洋生物资源保护、海洋产业结构调整、港区海洋生态修复/建设等方面提出了港口生态规划的思路。

This paper brings forward the thoughtway of environmental impact assessment（EIA） on port planning. The paper advices that the control management of the terrestrial pollutants to the ocean must be systematical, intentional and quantificational based on the study of oceanic environmental capacity, oceanic functional division and oceanic pollution actuality. Probe into the oceanic EIA through the forecast of tonnage of sewage, and need of water resource. Probe into the ecological EIA through the analysis on the systematic function and stability, the stability of halobios communities, the sustainability of fishery resource, and the carrying capacity of oceanic environment, etc; Probe into the air EIA through the analysis of the weather condition, the quantity and distribution forecast of pollutants, etc. Discuss the forecast and control methods for noise, waste, and environmental risk, etc. A technical route for eco-planning of the port and correlative sea areas has put forward, including how to perfect the basic environmental establishment, how to prevent and cure the pollution in the port area, how to prevent the environmental risks, how to protect the biological resources, how to adjust oceanic industrial structure, and how to rehabilitate the degraded ecological system in the port area etc.