中国沿海水产设施污损生物特点及防除途径

Marine Biofouling on Aquaculture Facilities in the Coastal Waters of China and Prevention Methods

海洋污损生物的附着会影响养殖设施与外部环境的水体交换、增加外载荷和缩短网箱使用寿命,并与养殖贝类和藻类争夺附着基和饵料,甚至直接附着在养殖对象上影响其生长发育。综述了中国沿海水产养殖设施污损生物的特点及常用防除方法,从海洋生物天然防污作用机制、污损生物附着机理、优势种发育生物学及生态习性等方面,初步探讨了新型防污途径及其应用前景。

Marine fouling can severely increase the weight of cages, reduce its buoyancy, cause physical damage to the nets, retard the exchange between the water within cages and outside them, compete with the cultivated species, such as shellfishes and algae, for food and substrate resources, and marine fouling can even affect the stock growth directly. This paper deals with the characteristics of marine fouling, including species composition, distribution and its seasonal variation, on aquaculture facilities in the coastal waters of China. Moreover, common techniques for fouling control are also outlined. For the development of novel and effective non-toxic solutions to reduce the fouling of mariculture installations, particularly large-size offshore cages, future strategies for advances in the field are proposed.