基于GIS的城市最小生态用地空间分析模型研究--以深圳市为例

Research on Space Modeling for Minimum Urban Ecological Land Based on GIS:A Case in Shenzhen

21世纪,全球范围内城市化已经成为人类社会发展的必然趋势,城市扩张不可避免地将大量的森林、农田、草地、湿地和水域等发挥着重要生态服务功能的生态用地转化为城市建设用地,对城市、区域乃至全球的生态系统造成较大的影响。在未来快速城市化过程中,保护必需的生态用地对于维持城市自身生态系统健康、改善城市居民生活质量和城市可持续发展有着重要意义。研究以中国经济特区深圳市为例,将景观生态概念模型与生态系统服务功能价值评估方法结合起来,在GIS技术的支持下,构建了城市最小生态用地空间分析模型,并分别按照保留城市面积30%、40%、50%和60%生态用地的4种情景,分析最小生态用地空间分布的合理性,结果表明论文所构建的最小生态用地模型能够很好地将城市当中具有重要生态系统服务功能的土地提取出来。

In the 21 st century, global urbanization has become an inevitable trend of the development of human society, urban expansion would unavoidably transform ecological land-use such as forest, farmland, grassland, swamps and water area, which have important ecological service functions, into land used for urban construction purpose. Consequently, this will exert great impact on ecosystem in the urban, the regional and even global scopes. In the future rapid urbanization process, it is very important to protect necessary ecological land-use for sustaining well-being of urban ecosystem itself, improving living standards of urban citizens and realizing urban sustainable development. With a case study of Shenzhen, a special economic zone of China, this paper combined ecological conceptual model of landscape with assessment methods for valuation of ecosystem service function, and with the support of GIS technique, established a spatial analysis model for urban minimum ecological land-use. Meanwhile, according to four scenes which reserved ecological land-use respectively by 30%, 40% , 50% and 60%, it analyzed the reasonable spatial distribution of minimum ecological land-use. The outcome demonstrated that the minimum ecological land-use model can extract the type of lands which have important urban ecological service functions.