略评弗雷尔与哈贝马斯的认识论基础

On Habermas and Freire's Epistemology

弗雷尔和哈贝马斯都信奉"主体是对话发展的"这种批判理论,也都从元理论的角度阐释过理论与实践等问题。社会科学中有关认识论的纷争主要聚焦于两个极端:实证主义与反实证主义。而弗、哈两人的研究却游离于这两个极端,该类学术范式的变异立身于批判解释学的学科视阈。弗雷尔与哈贝马斯有关认识论的理论创见主要涵盖以下几个方面:对人类科学的认识;对批判逻辑这一转换过程的分析;基于对话与共识的真理理论;对交往理性与技术理性的比较。

Freire and Habermas share a critical theory of the dialogical and developmental subject. Meantime, both of them approach the issues of theory and practice from the perspective of metatheory. As is known, disputes over epistemology in social sciences mainly resolve around positivism and anti-positivism. However, the studies conducted by Freire and Habermas both deviate from these two extremes, which leads to a paradigm shift in the light of critical hermeneutics. All in all, Habermas and Freire＇s epistemology roughly covers the following themes： their understanding of the human sciences; their analysis of the logic of critique as a transformative process; their theory of truth grounded in dialogue and consensus; and their contrast between communicative and technical rationality.