马来西亚城市华人移民就业情况研究——基于2005年在马来西亚实地调查的分析

Chinese Urban Migrants'Employment Situation in Malaysia:An Analysis Based on the Fieldwork in Malaysia in 2005

基于2005年在马来西亚吉隆坡和新山实地调查获得的资料,从城市移民在行业分布、职位、就业或经营途径、收入和政府经济政策等各个方面的情况,探讨了华人与马来人城市移民的不同遭遇,比较了华人移民在吉隆坡和新山这两个不同类型城市中的不同境遇。得出结论:城市新移民中马来人比华人获得了更多的政策扶持和发展机会,但华人比马来人拥有更多的投资方式和自己的企业,在城市中华人比马来人受访者的月收入要略高一些;在不同的领域,华人新移民在新山和在吉隆坡的就业或商业机会不同。

Based on the fieldwork conducted in Malaysia in 2005, this paper analyzes different experiences between urban Chinese migrants and Malay migrants and compares the different situations of Chinese migrants in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru in terms of the occupational distribution, position holdings, employment channels and management skills, incomes and the governmental economic policies. The article concludes that urban Malay migrants benefit more from governmental policy support and development opportunities than their Chinese counterparts. However, Chinese migrants have more channels of investments and more private enterprises than their Malay counterparts. Chinese interviewees＇ monthly average incomes are also higher than Malays in the urban areas. Both in Kuala Lumpur and in Johor Bahru, employment or business opportunities for Chinese new migrants varies in different sectors.