日本商家家训的基本特征及其历史评价

The Basic Features and Historical Assessment of Business Maxim in Japan

作为日本家训的重要组成部分,商家家训是日本传统文化的一个重要载体。商家家训的内容和形式虽各有迥异,但核心功能重在家业、训诫对象超越家族、实用主义色彩浓厚和教育形式灵活多样等却是其共有的基本特征。就其历史功用而言,商家家训在家族稳定发展、规范商业经营、促进社会教育等方面发挥了积极作用,然而家训中主张墨守祖业等思想,却在一定程度上抑制了商人创新意识和开拓精神。

As the most important component of Japanese family maxims, the business maxim is an important carrier of traditional Japanese culture. The business maxims are different in their content and forms, but they share the mutual central function which is put to emphasize the family maxim, surpassing the family, pragmatism, flexible and diversified educations. Seen from the historical function, the business maxim has played a positive role in stabilizing the family development, regulating business management and promoting the social education. However, the idea of the family maxims, which is for clinging to family fortune, has put a curb on the businessmen＇s sense of creation and pioneer spirit to a certain degree.