论德意志文学中的自然主义

Naturalism in the German Literature

本文在欧洲文化和文学的框架中论述了德意志自然主义的产生与嬗变、形式和题材。通过对代表作家霍尔茨/施拉夫和豪普特曼的重要作品的评论,剖析了德意志自然主义的偏颇,即把文学创作等同于科学实验,试图以单维度的理性和逻辑来描述变化莫测和繁复多元的人与世界。同时,文章还指出德意志自然主义独具文化批判和宗教意识的特色,从而在文学史上有着深化现实主义、开启西方现代文学的地位。

Through the introduction and interpretation of the major works by Arno Holz/Johannes Schlaf and Gerhart Hauptmann, this paper traces the origination and the development, form and motives of German Naturalism within the framework of European culture and literature. It further points out the weakness of Naturalism when it identifies literary creation with scientific experiment and uses the one-dimensional logic to convey the essence of the complex world. At the same time this paper highlights the cultural criticism and religious awareness which characterise German Naturalism. It illustrates how Naturalism strengthens Realism and ushers in Modernism.