加减的违法身份概念之提倡——以日本共犯与身份理论为借鉴

Advocacy of the Change Concept of Illegal Identity——a Reference to the Japanese Theory of Accomplice and Identity

日本共犯与身份理论中的违法身份与责任身份可以为我们所借鉴。为解决均具身份者共同犯罪的定性问题,有必要引进"加减的违法身份"的概念。结合我国现行法的规定,职务侵占罪、保险诈骗罪、贪污罪、受贿罪、公司人员受贿罪、挪用资金罪、挪用公款罪等的主体即为加减的违法身份。均具身份者教唆、帮助对方实施犯罪实行行为的,以实行犯所触犯的罪名作为共犯的罪名。均具身份者共同实施实行行为的,均构成对方罪名的共同正犯,除非存在刑法第382条第3款"伙同贪污的,以共犯论处"的明确规定,均以各自的罪名定罪处罚。

Japanese theory of accomplice and identity can be refered to in solving the character problem of identity accomplice, that is the concept of change illegal identity should be introduced. According to the Chinese Criminal Law, the subjects of duty offense of embezzlement, offense of insurance fraud, corruption, bribery, company staff bribery, funds misappropriation and misappropriation public funds belong to the change illegal identity. For all of the actors who have the identity, instigate and help the partner take the illegal action, the accusal should be the one the perpetrator offends. For all of the actors who take the action and commit the common principal offense of the partner, except existing the rule of 382（3）in criminal law, the accusal should be the accomplice.