中国2004～2006年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristic Analysis of Japanese Encephalitis in China During 2004～2006

目的 分析中国（未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区，下同）2004～2006年流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）流行病学特征，为控制乙脑提供依据。方法 运用描述流行病学方法分析2004～2006年乙脑网络直报疫情信息。结果 2006年全国乙脑报告病例数有所上升，略高于2004年、2005年，三年乙脑病例主要分布在贵州、四川、河南、云南、重庆等省（直辖市）；主要集中于〈15岁儿童，但≥40岁病例所占比例有所上升；部分地区出现发病年龄后移的趋势，≥40岁病例构成明显高于全国平均水平。2006年与2004年、2005年相比，各年龄组报告发病率均有所上升，但仍以小年龄组增加幅度较大。2006年≥40岁病例占总死亡病例构成和病死率明显高于2004年、2005年。结论 乙脑的预防控制策略是采取接种疫苗为主的综合性措施，从而降低发病率，提高医疗救治水平，降低病死率和致残率。开展乙脑流行病学与病原学监测和相关生态学研究，探讨乙脑发病年龄变化、病死率增高等的原因。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese Encephalitis,and provide the control of the disease in China （not include HongKong, Macao, and Taiwan）during 2004-2006. Methods Adopting description epidemiological method to analyze the epidemic situation of Japanese Encephalitis from National Notifiable Diseases Registry System （NNDRS） during 2004-2006. Results The reported cases of Japanese Encephalitis increased and were higher than in 2004 and 2005; cases distributed mainly in Guizhou, Sichuan, Henan, Yunnan, Chongqing ect. during 2004-2006. Cases focus on children of 〈15 years old,but the proportion of ≥40 years old cases increased ; it was higher than average level of the whole country. Reported incidence rate increased for each age group compared with last 2 years, and the increased extent was bigger of lower age group. The death constitution and fatality rate of ≥40 years was higher prominently than last 2 years. Conclusion The strategy for Japanese Encephalitis control and prevention was a synthesis measure by vaccines immunization, thus reduced fatality rate and deformity rate. Epidemiology and pathogeny surveillance and relative ecology research should be developed, and the reason of Japanese Encephalitis age changes of disease coming and fatality rate increasing be explored.