珠江广州河段及其邻近河流表层沉积物中烷基酚的污染状况

Alkylphenols in surface sediments of Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River and its adjacent branches

为确定珠江广州河段及其邻近河流水体沉积物中烷基酚的时空分布状况,对该河段表层沉积物采样并应用气相色谱-质谱单离子扫描模式进行了烷基酚(APs)含量分析。结果表明壬基酚(NP)和辛基酚(OP)在样品中均有检出,其含量(以干质量计)范围分别在36.04～24694.10ng·g-1之间(中值为3717.52ng·g-1)和0.36～498.54ng·g-1之间(中值为21.10ng·g-1);珠江广州河段整体含量明显高于其邻近支流各采样点。所研究的表层沉积物样品中烷基酚含量普遍高于世界上其它都市和工业中心附近地区的污染水平,其中壬基酚含量均低于对摇蚊属昆虫(Chironomus riparius)的10d半致死浓度(LC50),但两个含量最高值均已与壬基酚对小虾(shrimp)的亚急性毒性最低效应浓度(LOEC)相接近,且大部分样品中的辛基酚含量都超过了对淡水螺(Potamopyrgus antipodarum)的8周最低效应浓度值(LOEC)标准。因此,烷基酚对该区生物造成的生态风险是一个必须加以认真对待的问题。

Alkylphenols （APs） of surface sediment samples from Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River and its adjacent branches were measured based on the application of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （single-ion scanning mode） to determine their contents and distribution. All the samples were measurable with NP concentration in a range of 36.04～24 694.10 ng·g^-1 dry weight （mean 3 717.52 ng·g^-1） and OP concentration varied from 0.36～498.54 ng·g^-1 dry weight （mean 21.10 ng·g^-1）. In the whole, the Guangzhou Channel showed the highest levels of all the sampling sites and the pollution concentration of APs in this study was generally higher than other industrialized and urbanized areas in the world. Concentrations of NP in our samples were below the 10 days LC50 for Chironomus riparius, however, the two maximum NP concentrations observed is in the same order of magnitude as the lowest effect concentration for subacute toxicity of NP to shrimp, also concerning the estrogenic behavior of AP, LOEC for an eight weeks exposure of Potamopyrgus antipodarum to OP was exceeded in most samples, so more attention should be paid to the ecological risks caused by APs of this region.