多氯联苯复合污染土壤的微生物群落结构多样性变化

Changes of soil microbial structural diversity in polychlorinated biphenyls mixed polluted soils

土壤微生物群落结构多样性是指示土壤生态系统稳定性及其功能的重要传感器。采用磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid fatty acids,PLFAs)方法,对长江三角洲地区某POPs高风险区PCBs长期复合污染土壤的微生物群落结构多样性进行了初步研究。结果表明,PCBs重度污染土壤中格兰氏阴性菌(16:1w9、cy17:0等)和厌氧微生物(18:1w7)的PLFAs组分含量较多,而格兰氏阳性菌(如i15:0、i17:0等)、放线菌(16:0(10Me))及真菌(18:2ω6,9)和好氧性微生物的PLFAs含量较低,表明PCBs污染土壤中微生物群落结构与组成发生了明显变化。这一结果为PCBs降解微生物资源的定向筛选提供了科学依据。

The structural diversities of microbial communities in soils polluted with PCBs in the long term in an area of the Yangtze River Delta Region at high risk from persistent organic pollutants（POPs）splitting activity for twenty years were studied using phospholipid fatty acid（PLFA）method.The results showed that phospholipid fatty acid（PLFA）analysis revealed a gradual change in soil microbial community diversity along PCBs pollution gradients.The relative quantities of the Gram-negative bacterial groups containing special PLFAs（16：1w9、cy17：0 etc.）and anaerobic microorganisms with special PLFA（18：1w7）increased with increasing PCB concentration,whereas those of many Gram-positive groups（i15：0、i17：0 etc.）,actinomycetes（16：0（10Me）etc.）and fungi （18：2ω6,9）decreased.The differences in structural diversity of soil microbial communities were caused by degradable or more adaptable microbial groups to polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs）.