水文因素影响稻田氮磷流失的研究进展

Effects of hydrological practices on nutrients export from paddy field: A review

水文因素为农田氮磷元素的迁移提供了动力和载体,对稻田氮磷元素的流失具有重要影响。利用新型的稻田水分管理模式以代替传统的水分管理模式,对于有效控制面源污染具有重要意义。在综合调研国内外已有研究成果和最新进展的基础上,阐述了稻田氮磷流失特征、传统水分管理模式的弊端,并从新型稻田水分管理模式的种类、削减氮磷流失的效果与机理、与水平衡模型、营养负荷模型等结合应用等几个方面综述了国内外水文因素影响稻田氮磷流失的研究现状。进行稻田土壤吸附氮磷容量及人工调节机制的研究,在部分地区开展流域化水分管理系统研究,以及适用于我国稻田的水平衡模型和营养负荷模型的建立和深入研究应为今后我国关于水文因素影响稻田氮磷流失方面研究的一些方向。

Hydrological pathways act as energy and carrier for exports of nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） from agricultural field. It is necessary for development of alternative water movement practices to replace conventional operations for minimizing nutrients losses from paddy field. Based on the current research and applications throughout the world, characteristics of nutrients export from paddy fields and disadvantages of conventional hydrological management were discussed, and some typical patterns of new hydrological management, in terms of the specific function of reducing N and P in runoff, were expatiated. Meanwhile, new achievements in water balance model and nutrient loading model that could be integrated with field water management were summarized. In terms of controlling nutrients export from paddy field in China, capacity of nutrients interception by paddy soil along with its augmentation, hydrological management on watershed scale as well as integrating water balance model and nutrient loading model with field water management should be focused on in future.