中医理论集成创新机制研究

A Study of Integrated TCM Innovations

在多元文化碰撞与科学发展的潮流冲击下,中医理论学科出现了学术探索模式的分化,可概括为整体论、还原论和复杂性3个模式。整体论模式包含文献研究和临床研究两个路径,还原论模式包含实验研究和临床研究两个路径,复杂性模式也包含实验研究和临床研究两个路径,合计6个类型。整体论模式具有实践优位的价值倾向与综合体验的认知特征,注重对事物的宏观准确把握,强调主体、客体与环境之间的关系。还原论模式则具有理论优位的价值倾向与分析实证的认知特征,注重对事物的微观精确把握,强调主体、客体与环境的独立性及各自内部的结构特征。复杂性模式的特征是融合整体论与还原论模式,力图保留两者优点,克服两者缺点。文献研究、实验研究与临床研究三个路径之间表现出与三个模式之间价值倾向与认知特征互补不同的功能互补特质,体现出彼此印证的规律。文献研究尽管在不同模式中都有运用,但在整体论模式中地位尤为重要;实验研究在还原论与复杂性模式中均有体现,但特征各异;临床研究在整体论、还原论和复杂性模式中都不可或缺,但表现形式却大相径庭。不同研究类型的学术价值总体而言是平等的,但在特定情形下又是不同的,需要对其创新贡献度从三个方面予以评价。

Along with the tide of culture collisions and scientific development, TCM theory has been enriched by diversified academic schools, including holism, reductionism, and doctrine of complex. Holism is made up of data research and clinical research, and reductionism experimental research and clinical research. A complex model has the same components as reductionism, namely experimental research and clinical research. They result in six research approaches. Holism is featured with a sense of value paying more attention to practice and experience gathering, focusing on accurately grasping an object as a whole, and on the relationships between subject, object, and environment. Reductionism puts theory and analysis in the first place, focusing on accurately grasping every detail of an object, and on the independent internal structure of subject, object, and environment. A complex model tries to fuse both holism and reductionism, hoping to retain their merits, without undesired part of them. Three approaches： data research, experimental research, and clinical research, complement and test each other. Data research is more important for holism, though it has been used in other models as well. Experimental research has been employed by both reductionism and complex models, though different in applications. Clinical research has to work with holism, reduetionism, and complex models, though in different forms. These research approaches present an equally important academic value, though not in every aspect. As a result, their contribution to innovations shall be evaluated separately.