土壤钾素转化的影响因素及其研究进展

Advances in Research on Influence Factors of Soil Potassium Transformation

土壤中各种形态的钾之间存在着动态的平衡，这些平衡受一定因素的影响。本文主要从粘土矿物类型、土壤水分状况、温度、pH、肥料施用以及陪伴离子等方面对土壤钾素转化的影响因素进行了综述，可以归纳为：①以2∶1型粘土矿物为主的土壤吸附K^＋的结合能较小，易解吸；而以1∶1型粘土矿物为主的土壤吸附K^＋的结合能较大，吸附的K^＋不易解吸。②土壤干湿变化对钾素转化的影响因速效钾含量的高低而有明显的区别。③在0-40℃温度范围内，增温能使交换性钾离子减少，而水溶性钾离子浓度则相应增加。④pH对土壤钾素转化的影响比较复杂。⑤氮肥中的NH4^＋因与K^＋离子具有相似的离子半径和水化能而对土壤钾素的有效性产生显著的影响。最后展望了钾素转化领域未来的发展方向和研究热点。

There exist some dynamic equilibrium reactions among different forms of soil potassium, and many factors can affect the dynamic equilibriums. This review paper summarized recent researches on influence factors which affected soil potassium transformation mainly from six aspects such as types of clay materials,soil water content, soil temperature, soil pH, fertilization, as well as cations and anions. The findings are as follows：（1）soils rich in 2 ： 1 clay minerals which have lower binding energy are readily to desorb K^＋, but the soils rich in 1 ： 1 clay minerals which have higher binding energy are difficult to desorb K^＋; （2）The effect of soil water content on soil potassium transformation varies with the exchangeable potassium content of soil;（3）Increasing soil temperature may reduce exchangeable potassium content and increase water soluble potassium content in the range of 0℃ to 40℃ ;（4）The effect of pH on soil potassium transformation is very complicated, （5）NH4^＋ in nitrogen fertilizer affect soil potassium availability significantly, because it has similar ionic radius and hydration energies to K^＋ ,and finally,it indicated the research trend and research focus on soil potassium.