真空灭弧室中X射线对人体健康的影响

Influence of X-rays in Vacuum Interrupter on Human Health

一般认为,在进行真空灭弧室的出厂耐压试验时不会产生危及人体健康的X射线,但这忽略了两个非常重要的因素,即过小的开距和较高的外施电压。为深入了解X射线对高压试验人员的影响,在不同情况下进行一系列模拟加压试验,并对生产线上大量真空灭弧室进行X射线释放量的监测,发现在高电压老炼过程中会释放出高水平的X射线,无论瞬时量还是累计量都已经远远超过标准中规定的要求。因此,在从事该项工作时,采取适当的防范措施是十分必要的。

The authors designed a series of voltage tests to simulate different situations of harmful X-ray radiation.By monitoring and measuring the power dose of the X-rays in the manufacture process.It is found that during the vacuum chamber extinguishing courses,a great deal of X-radiation are released from the vacuum interrupter.Either the instantaneous quantity of X-radiation or total accumulative quantity of X-radiation,all consumedly exceeds the standards requirements.So the conclusion is drawn that it is necessary to take effectively protective measures when the high voltage test is carried out.However,there are not corresponding regulations in China.In this paper,it is suggested that the adequate precautions such as shielding protection should be used to resist the X-radiations.