从鬼神之教到人生佛教的转变——论太虚人间佛教的理论与特色

The Change from Ghosts to Buddhism——On Taixu Human Buddhist Theory and Its Characteristics

太虚在批判鬼神之教、提倡人间佛教思想的过程中,他从六道轮回、因缘果报、五乘共法、一切唯心、自他两利等众多角度阐述人间佛教思想的意义,并大量引用儒家思想,这主要表现为:一是用儒家重人生及人之德性的内容,诠释人生佛教的意义;二是借儒家的伦理观念,张扬佛教人乘善法的理念;三是引儒家成贤成圣之路径,阐述佛教济世利他的大乘思想。太虚法师经过有选择地吸收儒家思想,使其人间佛教理论得以发扬和传播。

In the course of criticizing ghosts and advocating humanistic Buddhism idea, Taixu elaborated the significance of humanistic Buddhism idea from the aspects： six directions of reincarnation, retribution for sin, five vehicles sharing common ride, all out of idealism, benefit for both self and others, etc. He also cited much confucianism, as follows：first, with Confucius attaching much importance to life and virtues, he gave the explanation to the significance of humanistic Buddhism;secondly, he applied the Confucian ethics and made the idea of mercy public ; finally, he made virtuous persons in accordance with the road of Confucius and expounded the idea of Mahayana which offered advantages to the world and others. Taixu made the theory of humanistic Buddhism develop and propagate after he selectively absorbed Confucianism.