南岳树木园木兰科树种物候特征观察研究

Observations of the phenological characteristics of some tree species in the Magnoliaceae

通过对39种木兰科树种进行物候观察，弄清了各物候期时间：拊液流动始期集中在2月下旬，萌芽集中在3月和4月初，幼叶的生长集中在3～4月，花期集中在3～5月，果熟期集中在9～10月。并根据当地气候，求算出积温生长指标，弄清了这39种木兰科树种生物学零度为5．0～10.0℃，各物候期所需积温分别为：展叶活动积温192．4～1364．0℃，有效积温变幅在55．9～759．2℃之间，开花活动积温75．0～1121．9℃，有效积温23．0～591．8℃,果成熟活动积温4023．9～5436．7℃，有效积温变幅在2457．9～3821．2℃之间。分析了各积温的标准差和变异系数,开花物候期变异较大,果成熟和生长停止期的变异较小,为引种驯化栽培提供参考。

Phenologieal observations of 39 tree species in the Magnoliaceae cultivated in the ：Nanyue Arboretum of Hunan Province were investigated. The results showed that the trees begun to flowing sap in late February, sprouted from March to early April with the young leaves occurring from March to April, flowered from March to May, and fruited from September to October. The accumulated temperature pammeters of the different growth stages of the species were calculated. The biological zero of temperature of all the 39 species studied ranged from 5.0 ～ 10.0 ℃, and the accumulated temperatures required for different phenological stages were as follows： 192. 4 ～ 1 364.0 ℃ for the leaf spreading, with the effective accumulated temperature being 55.9 ～ 759.2 ℃ ; 75.0 ～1 121.9℃ for the flowering, with the effective accumulated temperature being 23.0 ～ 591.8 ℃ ; and 4 023.9 ～5 436.7 ℃ for fruiting, with the effective accumulated temperature being 2 457.9～ 3 821.2 ℃. The standard errors and coefficients of variation of the accumulated temperatures were analyzed, showing that the flowering periods of the species had a wider range of variation, whereas the fruiting periods and the dates of stopping growth had a narrower range of variation. These results are helpful for the introduction and domestication of the Magnoliaceous trees.